Electromagnetism and Mind Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electromagnetism and Mind Control - Essay Example A changing magnetic field will induce a varying electric field and vice-versa—the two are linked both influence and control of the mind. These varying fields form electromagnetic waves (Beckley 18). Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that they do not oblige a medium to propagate. This means that electromagnetic bearing can pass in the course of not only through air and solid materials, but as well through the vacuum of space. Electromagnetic waves has characteristics and this characteristics resolve the extent of ‘‘dangers’’ or effect of the waves and they include; wavelengths, velocity, amplitude, and Frequency. Frequency: The frequency of any waveform equals the velocity divided by the wavelength. The units of measurement are in cycles per second or Hertz. The wavelengths of electromagnetic waves go from extremely long to extremely short and everything in between. The wavelengths determine how matter responds to the electromagneti c wave, and those characteristics determine the name we give that particular group of wavelengths. The amplitude of electromagnetic waves relates to its intensity or brightness (as in the case of visible light).With visible light, the brightness is usually measured in lumens. With other wavelengths the intensity of the radiation, which is power per unit area or watts per square meter is used. The square of the amplitude of a wave is the intensity The velocity is a measure of the displacement per unit time. The standard value of velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second, the same as the speed of light. When these waves pass through matter, they slow down slightly, depending on the size of their wavelength. Electromagnetic waveform All human thoughts, sensations and actions arise from bioelectricity generated by neurons and transmitted through complex neural circuits inside our skull. Electrical signals between neurons generate elec tric fields that radiate out of brain tissue as electrical waves that can be picked up by electrodes touching a person's scalp (Beckley 32). Measurements of such brainwaves present strong insight into brain principle and an important analytical tool for health center. In reality, so elementary are brainwaves to the internal mechanism of the mind, they have turn out to be the decisive, legal definition illustrating the thin line between life and death. Brainwaves modify with a healthy person's awareness and unconscious mental action and state of stimulation. It is probable to selectively control brain function by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Evans 39). This method uses strong pulses of electromagnetic radiation grinned into a person's brain to jam or excite particular brain circuits. Possibility of Electromagnetic wave mind control: Although a cell phone is much less powerful than transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the question still remains: Could the electrical si gnals coming from a phone affect certain brainwaves operating in resonance with cell phone transmission frequencies? After all, the caller's cerebral cortex is just centimeters away from radiation broadcast from the phone's antenna. A study by Rodney Croft, of the Brain Science Institute, Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia gives a degree of justification (Ceres 78) Rodney Croft tested whether cell phone transm

Fossil Story Essay Example for Free

Fossil Story Essay Northeastern Illinois has a great deal of geological history hidden beneath the surface. If you just take a trip to the Larson Quarry or even Pit 11 you can find some interesting rock formations as well as fossils in them. But, if you cannot get to these areas, this paper can tell you what you can find in 5 different locations in Northeastern Illinois. We will be looking at Larson Quarry, Thornton Quarry, Mazon River, Pit 11, and the Glacial Drift which is at Palos Hills and throughout the surface of the Chicago area). The first stop is the Larson Quarry. This is located near DeKalb, Illinois. The specific coordinates are 42? N, 88? 35’ W at 920 feet. This site contains specimens from 450 million years ago which include trilobites like Flexicalymene, brachiopods like platystropia, rafnesquina, leptaena, the horn coral streptelasma, an unnamed bivalve, bryozoans, various crinoid stem parts, the cephalopod endoceras, and the gastropods cyclonema and malcurites. The rock types and formations that were found around these fossils were Cincinnatian Maquoketa Shale and Galena Dolomite. â€Å"The Maquoketa shale, which contains seams of argillaceous dolomite†¦and ranges from highly to slightly weathered, with the highly weathered portions having the consistency of a stiff clay and are extremely fissile† (Preber). These fossils were preserved by replacement as well as mold and cast. The Mazon River, which is near Morris, Illinois is located at 41? 20’N, 88? 30’W at 525 feet. This site had fossils from 290 million years ago and included seed ferns like alethopteris and neuropteris, true fern Pecopteris, horsetail rush parts calamites (trunk), and annularia (leaf whorl), lycopod tree (club moss) parts and bark lepidodendron, and leaf lepidophylites. The rock types were shale and sandstone as well as coal and the formation was Francis Creek. The Illinois State Museum writes in an article about how Francis Creek formation is formed: â€Å"Much of the area that we now call Illinois was a mixture of swampy lowlands and shallow marine bays. From the northeast flowed at least one major river system. The river(s) built large deltas through the low swamps and into the shallow bays. The mud that the river(s) carried was deposited in these deltas and bays. This mud turned into a rock called the Francis Creek Shale†. The preservation type was impressions in concretions. Next is Pit 11 which is the Mazonia/Briadwaood State Fish and Wildlife area at 41? 15’N, 88? 15’W at 590 feet. These specimens were found from 290 million years ago. The fossils include the same basic plants as the Mazon River. They also include jellyfish like the essexella, the shrimp belotelson, clams like edmontia and aviculopectin, an unnamed marine annelid worm, a possible fish fossil coprolite, the infamous Tully Monster: tullymonstrum, and the echinoderm sea cucumber holothurian. The rock types that held these fossils were shale and sandstone, as well as coal. These were in a Francis Creek formation. These fossils were preserved by impressions in concretions. It becomes quite apparent that there are certain biases in how and what fossils are preserved. Some species, notably Pecopteris unita, are found with fertile structures nearly half of the time while others like the more common true fern, Pecopteris acadica, are rarely seen with fertile structures being preserved at all† (Mazon Creek†¦). This tells us how these fossils were formed. Thornton Quarry, at coordinates 41? 35’ N, 87? 35’ W at 590 to 250 feet, is located on the south side of Chicago. This Quarry was formed 420 million years ago and includes fossils such as the trilobite calymene, brachiopod pentamerus, corals like favosite and halysites, an unnamed crinoid stem and the cephalopod moorecoceras. The rock types that were here were limestone-dolomite in Niagaran Racine Dolomite with fossils in mold and cast. â€Å"The most famous reef unearthed in the Chicago area is the coral reef†¦Debris from the growing reef began to be deposited and cemented. The reefs contained sea lilies, animals resembling horseshoe crabs, and ancient ancestors of squids and octopuses up to ten feet long. The ashy, gray-white limestone mined from the Thornton Reef contains the fossils of these animals† (Herweck). The reason that there are multiple types of coral is because this area was at the bottom of the Silurian Sea and molded well into the limestone. Lastly, we visit Palos Hills which includes the Glacial Drift. This area was from ~15,000 years ago and showed deposits of unconsolidated pebbles, sand, silt ad clay which contain mixed rocks of 400 million to 1 billion years old at 41? 41’N, 87? 50’ W at 772 feet. The fossils found here are mammoth or mastodon remains that are preserved as unaltered hard parts. There are also mixed marine fossils including crinoid stems, brachiopods, corals like hexagonaria (Petosky Stone) and trilobite parts, where were preserved as mold and cast r replacement. The glacial till include striated rocks composed of a mixture of many types including sedimentary (limestone/dolomite), igneous (granite, basalt) and metamorphic (gneiss). The formation was Valparaiso Moraine. â€Å"At this time, glacial ice covered the entire Chicago region†¦. the active ice sheet retreated into the Lake Michigan basin, although stagnant, melting ice remained behind. The ice then rapidly re-advanced to the†¦Valparaiso moraine in the western Chicago region† (Grimm). The glaciers that were in Chicago made a big impact on picking up rocks and sand and dirt from other regions and bringing it into the area, which is a reason why you may find interesting things in the area and that rocks age from 400 million to 1 billion years ago. The areas that we can find an assortment of fossils and rock formations are abundant in Illinois and have a wide variety of ages. From this summary, you can see what type of rock are around Northeastern Illinois and what type of animals, plants, and rocks were around from different periods and what type of environment they must have lived in.

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm George Orwell's novel, Animal Farm, is a deceitfully simple story about a group of farm animals who, tired of toiling for the benefit of humans, rebel and create their own way of life only to find themselves, several years later, toiling for the benefit of one of their own kind, the pigs. Because of the simplicity of this novel, many people consider it to be a children's story. However, beyond it's lighthearted surface, it is truly a satirical attack against Stalinism. "It is also a lament for the fate of revolutions and the hopes contained in them." Adding to the complexity of the book, it also shows man's willingness to compromise the truth. In the short scope of this novel, Orwell expresses many of his ideas about men and politics. Major, an elderly pig, is the one who plants the seed of rebellion in the minds of the other animals by sharing with them a song which he had learned as a young pig, but which he has just recalled during a dream. This song "Beasts of England" describes a peaceful life where all animals will live in harmony, no longer enslaved by humans. Riches more than mind can picture, Wheat and barley, oats and hay, Clover, beans and mangel-wurzels Shall be ours upon that day. Bright will shine the fields of England, Purer shall its waters be, Sweeter yet shall blow its breezes On the day that sets us free. (pp. 7-8) The character of Major symbolizes the Soviet Union leader, Vladimir Ilich Lennin. Lennin too had caused his comrades to rise up in rebellion against the Czarist form of government in the hope of creating a country where everyone would be equal. Before he saw his ideas fully enacted, he died. After the death of Major, the power is left in the hands of two other pigs, Snowball and Napoleon. Napoleon, who, without anyone else discovering, had raised a litter of puppies into fierce dogs, now uses them to chase Snowball off the farm. This shares many similarities with the way a leader came into power to succeed Lennin. Lennin's choice was Leon Trotsky, but Stalin, who is represented by Napoleon, uses tactful maneuvers to work his way into government and establish a totalitarian system. As the only leader, Napoleon quickly begins to abuse his power. Using his superior intelligence, he soon has the other animals doing all the farm work while he and the other pigs take on the roles of supervisors. The attitudes of the animals, especially Boxer, with his motto, "Napoleon is always right," are representative of the way people in a totalitarian state blindly follow their

Outline Spelling and Structure Check Essay

I. Introduction. 1. African American women are faced with the conflict between reality and their happiness. The reality is that African American women are facing unfair treatment, unjust social structure, and racism in a society that consists of white people as the majority. They will be able to achieve happiness and acceptance when they are treated just as the white people are treated, when respect to the African American race is recognized, and when they are provided more opportunities and not discriminated just because of their color. 2. Elise Jonson McDougald wrote the essay entitled â€Å"The Task of Negro Womanhood† for all African America women. 3. In the novel Passing by Nella Larsen, two characters, Irene and Clare, demonstrated the problems of African American women outlined in McDougal’s essay. 4. Looking at the two characters, we analyze what â€Å"passing† truly means. We also look at why the women pass off as a white person, how they are doing this, and what results do they get. Only after can we find the solution for the two women’s happiness in the McDougald essay. 1. Clare desires for the outside beauty. She gives importance to material things. She deceives her husband when she passes off as a white person when the truth is, she belongs to the African American race. She gets what she has dreamed of all of her life. However, she is not happy because of her lies and not knowing where to place herself in society. 2. She felt lonely, as she could not relate her problem to her husband. She then meets her old friend, Irene, whom she started to compare herself with. As a result, she realizes that material things are not essential in life and that family and identity are the more important things that she has to think about. Ultimately, her lying leads to her death. 2. For Irene, family is more important. She has the right moral values. When she met Clare, she also started to compared herself with the other woman. She felt inferior to Clare and worried living as   a true African American woman. She forced her husband to be a doctor and regret not â€Å"passing.† As a consequence, she lost her husband’s trust when she sat back and let Clare die. 3. The two women fail to live a happy life. McDougald gave each other solutions to their misery. 4. Conclusion.  McDougald emphasizes the beauty and importance of African American women’s identity. What does the color â€Å"black† for African American mean? Black color is the African American’s racial stem. They have to understand first about their race and their history, and then we can change problems that they deal with from the society. In the novel, both women

Extraction of Benzoic Acid

Introduction: The theory behind the extraction of a solution containing benzoic acid, cellulose, and methyl orange involves many components pertaining to the fundamental ideas of solubility and polarity. Using the concepts of like dissolving like and acid base reactions, a solution of organic acid (benzoic acid), a water soluble compound cellulose, and an organic soluble compound methyl orange, can be separated and benzoic acid can be isolated by a method of extraction.At the fundamental level, organic solvents separate from aqueous solutions based on their varying densities, typically the organic layer being less dense and therefore on top of the aqueous layer1. Therefore any solutes in those solutions are also separated and can be isolated from one another. This phenomenon is the basis for the liquid-liquid extraction and leads into the concept of the partition coefficient. According to MtCg the ratio of concentrations of a solute in each layer is defined by the partition coefficie nt K, where K = C2 / C1.The distribution coefficient can therefore be viewed as the ratio of the concentration of the compound in organic solvent to the concentration of the same compound in aqueous solution. This constant allows for the calculation of dissolved compound in each layer of the solution, so that after several extractions, the yield can be sufficient for the purposes of the experiment. A second type of extraction, acid-base extraction, involves the addition of acids and bases in solutions to change the polarity of organic acids and bases to their corresponding water-soluble salts2.This allows us to take advantage of the liquid-liquid extraction to separate organic acids and bases from solution mixtures. Such extraction can be considered chemically active extraction because the polarity of one substance is altered to increase solubility in water. This type of extraction is necessary when both compounds are non-polar and dissolved well in organic solvents. For Experiment #1 Extraction of Benzoic Acid, a solution of benzoic acid, cellulose and methyl orange will first be added to ether, heated and filtered to separate the organic insoluble cellulose leaving benzoic acid nd methyl orange. Then after adding NaOH, the benzoic acid will react to form the water-soluble salt, sodium benzoate, which can be separated via the liquid extraction technique. Finally adding HCl to the aqueous sodium benzoate will cause the acid-base reaction to undergo restoring benzoic acid in the organic layer and NaCl in the water layer. Reagent Table: Experimental: To start, a solution of diethyl ether was mixed with 4. 06g of crude benzoic acid with two impurities.Boiling stones were added to the mixture and heated over the steam bath until the ether solution began to boil. Once the solution was boiling to most efficiently dissolve the inorganic parts of the solution, the ether insoluble material was filtered out of solution using the Buchner funnel vacuum filtration techniqu e. The filtrate ether remaining was added to a separatory funnel with 30mL of 1M NaOH, mixed and vented properly, and then rested as the solution settled into separate organic and aqueous layers.The bottom layer (aqueous) was drained from the separatory funnel into a beaker and another 30mL of NaOH was added to the left over ether, swirled and vented, separated, and the aqueous layer drained off into the same beaker as the first aqueous extraction. Next the aqueous solution that was collected was cooled on ice and 50mL of chilled 6M HCl was added to the mixture. At this point, a Bruchner funnel was used to collect the solid precipitate via vacuum filtration and those collected crystals were weighed out and set aside for the recrystalization of benzoic acid.Results: The most important measurements made during this lab were the initial weight of the crude benzoic acid, which was 4. 06g, and the mass of the crystals after the separation from the two impurities, 4. 88g. The fact that th e crystals weighed more than the starting material can be accounted for based on the lack of proper drying time for the crystals, and will be accounted for when calculating the percent composition.Discussion: After the results of the lab, there were a few points to consider in the final analysis. First off, and most importantly, after the crystals were obtained from the aqueous solution obtained by adding NaOH, the crystals were used immediately for the recrystalization and were not given the proper time to dry out, so the weight of the wet crystals must be used to calculate the percentage composition, which will be inaccurate.Another important note was after the HCl was added to the aqueous solution, the solution turned bright pink, indicating that some of the methyl orange, which should have remained in the organic layer in the separatory funnel, had made it into our aqueous solution. To counteract this, when the vacuum filtration technique was used, the solid precipitate was wash ed with distiller water to ensure the crystals did not contain a pink tint to them.The reason this lab works was because the first filtration got rid of the organic insoluble cellulose leaving methyl orange and benzoic acid in the ether mixture. Then, using the acid-base extraction technique, benzoic acid was altered to sodium benzoate, rendering it soluble in aqueous solution, which allowed for the separation of the sodium benzoate from the methyl orange (still dissolved in ether) and then the reformation of benzoic acid by adding a strong acid to the aqueous dissolved salt. References: MtCg pg. 129 MtCg pg. 131